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The Virtual DOM is an in-memory representation of the actual DOM elements. React uses it to efficiently update and render components. When data changes, React first updates the Virtual DOM, calculates the difference (diffing) between the new and old Virtual DOM, and then applies minimal changes to the actual DOM. This process enhances performance by minimizing direct manipulations of the DOM.

React components are reusable, self-contained units that represent parts of a user interface. They encapsulate the logic and structure of a particular piece of the UI, making it easy to manage, update, and reuse code. Components can be functional or class-based.

JSX (JavaScript XML) is a syntax extension for JavaScript used in React development. It allows developers to write HTML-like code within JavaScript, making it more readable and expressive. JSX is transpiled to JavaScript during the build process.

State in React represents the dynamic data that a component can maintain. The useState hook is a React feature that allows functional components to have local state. It provides a way to declare state variables and update them, triggering re-renders when the state changes.

Props (short for properties) are a mechanism for passing data from a parent component to its child components. Props are read-only and help achieve a unidirectional flow of data in React applications. They allow parent components to communicate with and control their children.

React Router is a library that provides navigation and routing functionality for React applications. It allows developers to create a single-page application (SPA) with multiple views, enabling navigation without full page reloads. React Router includes components like BrowserRouter and Link for managing routes.

React hooks are functions that enable the use of state and other React features in functional components. The useState, useEffect, and useContext hooks, among others, allow functional components to manage state, perform side effects, and access context, making them more powerful and flexible.

React allows developers to conditionally render components or content based on certain conditions. This can be achieved using JavaScript expressions within JSX, allowing developers to dynamically determine what content to display based on the current state or props.

React’s unidirectional data flow means that data flows in one direction, from parent components to child components. This simplifies the understanding of how data changes in an application. In contrast, two-way binding allows data changes to propagate in both directions, which can lead to more complex and harder-to-maintain code. React’s unidirectional flow promotes a clearer and more predictable data flow in applications.